Non-target exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) has been documented globally, however there are a lack of studies in the Southeast and a complete absence in South Carolina. Further, research on ARs and mammalian carnivores, like bobcats, is limited, making the Clemson Rodenticide Project even more valuable.

​Here are some studies that show research into the presence of ARs detected within non-target wildlife populations.
Studies in the Southeast
Slankard et al. 2019. ​Changes in Detected Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure in Barn Owls (Tyto alba) in Kentucky, USA, in 2012–16. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 55:432.
Weir et al. 2018. Investigating spatial patterns of mercury and rodenticide residues in raptors collected near the Charlotte, NC, USA, metropolitan area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25:33153–33161.
Studies Across the US
Niedringhaus et al. 2021. Anticoagulant rodenticide exposure and toxicosis in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the United States. PLOS ONE 16:e0246134.
Rudd et al. 2017. Prevalence of first and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in California mountain lions. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference 28.
Hindmarch et al. 2017. ​Habitat use by barn owls across a rural to urban gradient and an assessment of stressors including, habitat loss, rodenticide exposure and road mortality. Landscape and Urban Planning 164:132-143.
Stansley et al. 2014. Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Red-Tailed Hawks, Buteo jamaicensis, and Great Horned Owls, Bubo virginianus, from New Jersey, USA, 2008–2010. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 92:6–9.
Thompson et al. 2014. Impacts of Rodenticide and Insecticide Toxicants from Marijuana Cultivation Sites on Fisher Survival Rates in the Sierra National Forest, California. Conservation Letters 7:91–102.
Gabriel et al. 2012. Anticoagulant Rodenticides on our Public and Community Lands: Spatial Distribution of Exposure and Poisoning of a Rare Forest Carnivore. PLoS ONE 7:e40163.
Riley et al. 2007. Anticoagulant Exposure and Notoedric Mange in Bobcats and Mountain Lions in Urban Southern California. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1874–1884.
Studies Worldwide
Nakayama et al. 2019. A review: poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides in non-target animals globally. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 81:298–313.
Lohr & Davis. 2018. Anticoagulant rodenticide use, non-target impacts and regulation: A case study from Australia. Science of the Total Environment 634:1372-1384.
Shore et al. 2003. Spatial and temporal analysis of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide residues in polecats (Mustela putorius) from throughout their range in Britain, 1992–1999. Environmental Pollution 122:183–193.