Non-target exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) has been documented globally, however there are a lack of studies in the Southeast and a complete absence in South Carolina. Further, research on ARs in mammalian carnivores like bobcats is limited, making the Clemson Rodenticide Project even more valuable.

​Here are some studies that show research into ARs detected in non-target wildlife.
Picture
Figure from Keating et al. 2024
Research from this Project
Keating et al. 2024. Global review of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in wild mammalian carnivores. Animal Conservation.
Studies in the Southeast
Slankard et al. 2019. ​Changes in Detected Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure in Barn Owls (Tyto alba) in Kentucky, USA, in 2012–16. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 55:432.
Weir et al. 2018. Investigating spatial patterns of mercury and rodenticide residues in raptors collected near the Charlotte, NC, USA, metropolitan area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25:33153–33161.
Studies Across the US
Buckley et al. 2024. Widespread exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides among common urban mesopredators in Chicago. Science of the Total Environment.
Facka et al. 2024. ​​Spatial patterns of anticoagulant rodenticides in three species of medium-sized carnivorans in Pennsylvania. Canadian Journal of Zoology.
Silveira et al. 2024. Drivers of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in fishers (Pekania pennanti) across the northeastern United States. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
Rudd et al. 2017. Prevalence of first and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in California mountain lions. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference 28.
Stansley et al. 2014. Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Red-Tailed Hawks, Buteo jamaicensis, and Great Horned Owls, Bubo virginianus, from New Jersey, USA, 2008–2010. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 92:6–9.
Thompson et al. 2014. Impacts of Rodenticide and Insecticide Toxicants from Marijuana Cultivation Sites on Fisher Survival Rates in the Sierra National Forest, California. Conservation Letters 7:91–102.
Gabriel et al. 2012. Anticoagulant Rodenticides on our Public and Community Lands: Spatial Distribution of Exposure and Poisoning of a Rare Forest Carnivore. PLoS ONE 7:e40163.
Riley et al. 2007. Anticoagulant Exposure and Notoedric Mange in Bobcats and Mountain Lions in Urban Southern California. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1874–1884.
Studies Worldwide
Nakayama et al. 2019. A review: poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides in non-target animals globally. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 81:298–313.
Lohr & Davis. 2018. Anticoagulant rodenticide use, non-target impacts and regulation: A case study from Australia. Science of the Total Environment 634:1372-1384.
Shore et al. 2003. Spatial and temporal analysis of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide residues in polecats (Mustela putorius) from throughout their range in Britain, 1992–1999. Environmental Pollution 122:183–193.